Thursday, December 26, 2019

Nurse Leader Linda Richards - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 765 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/09/25 Category People Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: Leadership Essay Women Essay Did you like this example? Linda Richards Introduction Linda Richards, America’s first and professional trained nurse has transformed her profession, bringing the work of nursing from menial chores to the great caregiving profession of today. She first got her experience in nursing when she was dealing with her dying mother; which was a very awakening experience to Linda, because during this time, she cared for her until her death. Lindas training as a nurse began under the supervision of Doc Currier, the family’s physician. From him, she received medical knowledge and some proper training. Despite her interest in nursing, in 1856 at age 15, she enrolled in St. Johnsbury to be trained as a teacher. Richards taught for several years, but was never happy in that profession. After teaching and a couple of personal losses, she then decided that she wanted to work as a nurse. Linda moved to Boston and took a job at Boston City Hospital to take a job as an assistant nurse. Here, she received little to no training, and was treated like a maid rather than the nurse she wanted to be. She left 3 months later due to poor health. Linda noticed an advertisement for a nurse-training program to be offered at the New England Hospital for Women and Children. She was one of five women to sign up for a nurse-training program at the New England Hospital for Women and Children. Linda Richards was the programs first graduate in 1873. Career After graduation, she moved to New York city, where she was hired as night supervisor at Bellevue Hospital. At Bellevue Linda created a system for charting and maintaining individual medical records for each patient. This was the first written reporting system for nurses which even the famous Nightingale System adopted. This system has become widely adopted in the United States as well as United Kingdom. By 1874 Linda was ready to take over the Boston Training School. She returned to Boston and was named superintendent of the Boston Training School for nurses. Though the schools training program was only a year old at the time, it was under threat of closure due to poor management. Eventually, it became regarded as one of the best nursing programs in the country. Wanting more skills, Richards took an intensive, seven-month nurse training program in England in 1877. She studied at St. Thomass Hospital in London, where she was able to spend some time with Florence Nightingale, widely regarded as the founder of modern nursing. At Nightingales suggestion, she studied at Kings College Hospital and the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary in Scotland. She returned to Boston in 1878 to work at the Boston College Hospital where she established a nurse training school. Following some health problems brought on by overwork, Linda used her experience to establish the first nurse-training program in Japan. She began in 1886, at first working through an interpreter. She stayed in Japan for 5 years before returning to America. Linda Richards continued to establish nurse training programs and schools in Philadelphia, Massachusetts and Michigan. Goals and Accomplishments Linda Richards has really made an impact on nursing. she was first trained nurse in America, She led the way for American nurses and set up a few nursing programs. She was one of the ones who tackled problems head on. Richards set up schools at many hospitals and taught Florence Nightingale’s nursing method and also set up the first nursing program in Japan. She received the first diploma awarded by the nations first school of nursing and purchased the first share of stock in the American Journal of Nursing Company in 1900. She brought nurses into the mainstream of the profession and at the same time changed the focus of the profession to include the care of the mentally ill. Conclusion She has trained many nurses, and inspired them to do great along the way. Because of her, she made it possible for many nurses to get in the program they are in today, and trained them to teach others to get the skills they need. Linda Richards was inducted into the National Womens Hall of Fame in Seneca Falls, NY. Her portrait hangs in the lobby of the Canton-Potsdam Hospital, just a few miles from where Americas first trained nurse was born. Resources American Association for the History of Nursing (2007) Linda A. J. Richards 1841 1930, https://www. aahn. org/gravesites/richards. html Faqs. org, (2010), Linda Richards Biography (1841-1930), https://www. faqs. org/health/bios/0/Linda-Richards. html Journal of Nursing Scholarships, (2007), As Well as Cared for Linda Richards and The Mentally Ill, https://onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1111/j. 1547-5069. 1984. tb01385. x/pdf Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Nurse Leader Linda Richards" essay for you Create order

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Essay on Developing Yourself and Others - 2094 Words

Aims and Objectives: †¢ To analyse my own and one another member of my work team’s development needs and learning styles. †¢ How to meet these development needs †¢ Support mechanisms available and †¢ How the development needs can be monitored Introduction Self development is acquiring knowledge, discovering and improving skills. Identifying training required and acquiring it. Setting goals, planning for the future and keeping up to date with professional skills. This is led by yourself as opposed to employee development which is led by the employer. To be effective it should follow a set out plan. (BNet) †¢ Define the purpose or reason for development †¢ Identify the skills or areas that need development†¦show more content†¦I scored lower on the other 3 with a score of 8 for activist, 10 for theorist, 12 for pragmatist with a high of 14 points for reflector. Using the Skills Self-Assessment Audit questionnaire, I scored a grand total of 146. according to the scoring system, this means that I am quite confident in all skill areas and find it easy to apply my skills in a variety of situations. From the analysis of the results of my study skills audit I discovered that my strengths and weakness are as follows: Strengths: †¢ Team work †¢ Problem solving †¢ Information technology †¢ Communication writing Weaknesses: †¢ Personal effectiveness †¢ Numeracy †¢ Communication reading †¢ Communication oral To become a more balanced learner I will need to work harder on my weaknesses by for e.g.: †¢ Being clear about my objectives †¢ Defining what I need to achieve and set priorities †¢ Identifying what I need to do to achieve my objectives †¢ Estimate how long each activity will take †¢ Find out how to achieve it †¢ Consider a variety of strategies †¢ Plan my time and make sure to include time for self reflection and evaluation †¢ Take total responsibility for developing myself †¢ Request feedback from my manager and colleagues †¢ Regular review of my progress and performance by comparing feedback with my perception of my own performance Rita Simpson: Rita’s strongestShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Yourself and Others2555 Words   |  11 PagesDeveloping yourself and others Section 1: Know how to identify development needs 1.1 After using the VAK learning styles self-assessment questionnaire I discovered my learning style to be KINASESTHETIC meaning I learn more through physical experiences, such as touching, feeling, holding, doing and practical hands on experiences. 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A2 Milk offers an easy to digest milk alternative that is the only natural milk type in the category. Our challenge is to educate staff and customers in store about our brand and why they should choose our milk over Soya, Goats and Lactofree options out there and the benefits we offer consumers such as being the only natural milk that IBS sufferers can digestRead MoreWhy Is Self Awareness A Prerequisite For An Intimate Relationship?1680 Words   |  7 Pageswhole spectrum of factors which have most likely been controlling you and affecting the ways in which you react and behave in dating and relationships. Not being aware of the power these factors exert over you leads you to sabotage your attempts at developing a successful intimacy. Summary 1: What is Self-Awareness? Self-awareness is self-understanding and self-knowledge. It s getting to know your true, genuine self. Self-awareness enables you to identify and understand factors of which you were notRead MoreTaking Care Of Yourself For The Long Run Essay1351 Words   |  6 PagesTake care of yourself for the long run Adopting a healthy lifestyle through combining a balanced diet with regular exercise can bring immediate results: feel better physically and mentally, lose weight, sleep better, enjoy boosted self-confidence and increased self-esteem, change your outlook for the better, and more... It is also important to remember that looking after yourself can not only help you to protect your health and get the most out of life now, but it can also serve as a kind of insuranceRead MoreCareer And Leadership As A Leader928 Words   |  4 Pages9 Be willing to develop Never allow yourself to become too satisfied as a leader. You shouldn’t ever reach a point where you feel fully satisfied with your leadership and the organisation’s position. Now the statement doesn’t mean you shouldn’t appreciate the things you’ve achieved or feel unthankful about the success you’ve had. But instead, you want to have an inner feeling where you know you have more to give and to achieve. Without continuous improvement, you can’t reach your potential or inspireRead MoreGlaucoma And Treatment Of Glaucoma1671 Words   |  7 Pagessigns and will most likely feel no pain despite the increased pressure. This is why it’s so important that you see your eye doctor regularly in order for glaucoma to be diagnosed and treated before any permanent damage can take hold. If you find yourself in the category of over the age of forty with a family history then you may want to consider a comprehensive eye exam as often as once a year. If you suffer from health issues such as diabetes and also have a family history of glaucoma then thisRead MoreTheme Of Identity, Bullying And Conformity In Jerry Spinellis Stargirl805 Words   |  4 Pagesfinal topic that plays a role in developing the theme is conformity because Stargirl conforms to be like the others, but then she realises that she wants to be herself. There are many themes in â€Å"Stargirl†, but overall theme in the novel â€Å"Stargirl† is always be yourself. Identity shapes the theme of â€Å"Stargirl† because she isn’t happier when her peers accepted her, she is truly happy when she is herself. One of the first instances of Stargirl’s identity developing the theme is on page 4 it reads,â€Å"SheRead MoreMintzbergs 5 Ps1323 Words   |  6 PagesMintzberg s 5 Ps of Strategy Developing a Better Strategy What s your approach to developing strategy? Many of us brainstorm opportunities, and then plan how we ll take advantage of them. Unfortunately, while this type of approach is important, we need to think about much more than this if we want to be successful. After all, there s no point in developing a strategy that ignores competitors reactions, or doesn t consider the culture and capabilities of your organization. And it wouldRead MoreSelf-Esteem in Women Essay1050 Words   |  5 Pagesdemoralizing yourself? If so, you are not alone. As a teenager, our body changes dramatically, so does our physical image. These changes are hard to believe, seeing yourself transform into an adolescent. We sometimes have trouble adjusting to these changes, which can damage our confidence as well as affect our self esteem. Self-esteem Self esteem basically means that we should like ourselves, feel positive about yourself and respect your own worth. Feeling positive about yourself can determine

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Interpersonal Communication and Thoughts

Question: Discuss about the Interpersonal Communication and Thoughts. Answer: Introduction: Interpersonal communication has become pivotal to survive in the present day transglobal occupational world. Good communicational skill is an integral part of the overall personality of an individual and it contributes to the productivity and conduct in the cutthroat professional world as well (Beebe, Beebe and Edmund, 2014). The procedure of interpersonal communication includes two individuals exchanging information, meaning and feelings through verbal or nonverbal delivery of messages (Beebe, Beebe and Edmund, 2014). It does not necessarily deal with the content of the massages but focuses on how the message has been conveyed. Communicational prowess is an essential element for a smooth sailing professional life, but in the field of public sector professions, communicational conduct becomes inescapable (Beebe, Beebe and Edmund, 2014). This essay attempts to summarize the different layers of communicational coordination and its requirement in the professional conduct, taking the occupation of a health and safety officer as an example to evaluate the conceptions. Health and safety officers are the specialists who analyze the quality of health services provided by a health care institute and evaluate the safety standards of the same (Reese, 2015). Their job requirement is to advise the workers of health care services to eliminate or diminish the risks of hazards. The designation of a health and safety officer is coordinated with government legislation as well to ensure a safe quality health care is provided to the public, and the work environment is safe for the employees (Healy, 2016). Communication becomes the integral portion of job description for a health and safety officer. The responsibility of the personnel is to monitor, review and implement protective and precautionary safety measure and in order to achieve that goal an OHSO needs to communicate with a variety of staff members of different sectors of health care job (Reese, 2015). Occupational communication can be categorized into three essential segments questioning, listening and feedback. These three elements are interlinked with each other intricately. An OHSO needs to generally engage with the stakeholders such as organization managers, department or workstation managers, all the staff within the organization, council and union officials. In order to monitor the internal dealings of an organization, a professional adviser initially needs to gather basic information (Moss, 2015). The process of gathering information involves all three elements of communication skills. In the chosen field of health and safety management, the demand of an officer is to ask the right questions at the right time (Reese, 2015). The best option to gather the accurate information about the quality and safety standards of the organization is to mainly communicate with the department or workstation managers and the entire staff within the organization. The methods of communication primarily are face-to-face meetings with management team, and can occasionally include presentations to department groups and all the staff if the need demands. There cannot be a set timeframe or schedule for the officer to communicate with the management and staff. The occurrence of the meetings and the frequency of it depends if the organization is facing an OHS issue, and what is the severity of the said issue (Evans, 2015). The officer also has the liberty to conduct random meetings or investigative sessions if a new legislation or policy has been introduced that concerns the organization he is assigned with. The communication becomes a ongoing extensive process and that can be uncomfortable for the staff or the management (Lolli, 2013). It is the responsibility of the officer to ensure that his presence does not affect the daily operations of the organization. The officer also has to make it his responsibility that the staff is not intimidated by his presence or attitude as that hamper the process of interchange of information with them. Although it has to be considered that, the primary method of intercommunication is questioning the staff (Beebe, Beebe and Edmund, 2014). That is why the communication skill of the official needs to be assertive but without being offending. The purpose of questioning and listening is to ensure that the health and safety officer properly understands the safety or standard issues that the organization is facing. The role of questioning is fundamental since the history of human communication both professionally and personally. Good interpersonal skills favor open-ended questions as they facilitate enhanced cooperation, honest response, and understanding. Open-ended questions ensure that the OHS official does not alarm the staff being questioned but it needs to be assertive at the same time (Beebe, Beebe and Edmund, 2014). Eye contact ensures that the questioning is assertive and demanding, as eye contact reflects sincerity, seriousness and integrity. Maintaining eye contact ensures that the official represents a professional frontier and the answers that he or she gets are genuine. Along with having good questioning skills, the official needs to be a good listener (Lundgren and McMakin, 2013). The official will be able to understand and interpret the issues in the organization only when he or she is willing to patiently listen to feedback of the staff. Moreover, when the staff realizes that their opinion is being patiently listened and considered and that encourages the staff to be more forthcoming to the health and safety officer (Reese, 2015). Feedback has to be the most vital element in the professional intercommunication. Feedback and its proper utilization boost the creativity and productivity of an organization (Sommer and Kulkarni, 2012). The occupation of an OHSO mandates that the official ensures all the advices and directions given by him or her is being properly implemented or followed (Baker et al., 2013). That goal is impossible to achieve without the consideration of staff feedback. It also prompts trust and motivation in the employees and that ultimately results in mutual respect in both parties (Sommer and Kulkarni, 2012). Interpersonal communication has become a requisite to enhance the quality of professional relationships in any occupation. The benefits of the interpersonal communicational skills include better understanding, delivering detailed information, clear interpretation and overall improve the quality and productivity of the organization. Communicational prowess is known to boost confidence and improves the overall personality of an individual. It has to be considered that the interpersonal skills have become indispensable in occupations that involve public relations and service. The essay topic discusses the importance of good communication in the occupation of health and safety officer. It has to be considered that such professions come with critical responsibilities and the official needs to maintain the balance of assertive command and compassionate understanding. Encouraging the practice of regular feedback session and reflecting listening skills can broaden communicational channel in the field of safety or standard advisory. The valid use of three basic elements of interpersonal communication questioning, listening and feedback, facilitates the establishment of collaborative and respectful occupational conduct. Whereas, assertive questioning skills prompts open communication, the patient listening enables the official to be receptive and responsive to the requirements of the recipients. The priorities of an OHSO are to ascertain excellent quality and safety standards of a healthcare organization along with correlating government legislation with the ethical and corporate dealings of the health care centre. In order to achieve that goal the officer needs to ensure that the provided instructions are unequivocally followed. It can be concluded that one cannot serve the purpose of the profession without utilization of impeccable questioning, listening and feedback skills. Reference list: Baker, A., Perreault, D., Reid, A. and Blanchard, C. M., (2013). Feedback and organizations: Feedback is good, feedback-friendly culture is better.Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne,54(4), 260. Beebe, S.A., Beebe, S.J. and Redmond, M.V., (2014). Interpersonal Communication: relating to others, 7thedn, Allyn and Bacon, Boston DeJanasz, S.Z., Crossman, J., Campbell, N. and Power, M., (2014). Interpersonal skills in organizations, 2ndedn, Mc-Graw-Hill Education, North Ryde, NSW Healy, J., (2016).Improving health care safety and quality: reluctant regulators. Routledge.. Lolli, J.C., (2013). Interpersonal communication skills and the young hospitality leader: Are they prepared?.International journal of hospitality management,32, pp.295-298. Lundgren1, R.E. and McMakin, A.H., (2013).Risk communication: A handbook for communicating environmental, safety, and health risks. John Wiley Sons. Moss, B., (2015).Communication skills in health and social care. Sage. Reese, C.D., (2015).Occupational health and safety management: a practical approach. CRC press. Sommer, K. L. and Kulkarni, M., (2012). Does constructive performance feedback improve citizenship intentions and job satisfaction? The roles of perceived opportunities for advancement, respect, and mood.Human Resource Development Quarterly,23(2), 177-201.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

US Intelligence

Research studies have proven that there was no sufficient intelligence applied by the Intelligence community before the advent of the Second World War. Even during the war, intelligence was handled in a casual and uncoordinated manner. According to the Federation of American Scientists (1996, par. 5), there was â€Å"insufficient attention to certain collection requirements†.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on US Intelligence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From the first post, it is evident that the intelligence techniques and methods used during the conflict years were ineffective and hence resulted into numerous failures characterized by surprise attacks. The Pearl Harbor attack by the Japanese in 1941 was a clear evidence of a weak national intelligence system of the United States. From the post, it is possible to discern that the Pearl Harbor attack prompted the US to enter a battlefield and declare war against Japan. The US saw the need to establish an effective intelligence system especially in the army and naval forces. Currently, there is â€Å"widespread trend toward incorporating government intelligence methodology into commerce and education† (Krizan 1999, 1). This post highlights that substantial intelligence capabilities were later created by the military to support the war. However, what were these capabilities and how were they effective in the battlefield? This post focuses a lot on the US intelligence during the Second World War and does not adequately discuss Operation Iraqi Freedom even though it had the greatest impact in the development of the United States Intelligence Community (IC) during the early 20th century. In other words, the post concentrates on the issues that affected the intelligence system in the 19th century. Therefore, it is necessary to consider other events such as the US war against Iraq and Afghanistan alongside the impacts of the war on the Intelligence Community. This post admits the fact that intelligence has evolved in various ways since the era of the civil wars to the present time. It is clear that intelligence is â€Å"gaining attention in the twenty-first century† (Breakspear 2013, 682). Before considering how much intelligence is required to guard a nation, it is worth to examine its necessity. The post highlights that intelligence crisis is over. However, how are we certain that the crisis has ended? Does it imply that the end of the Second World War was an indicator that the intelligence crisis ended? We are still facing myriads of security threats within the global society (Johnson 2005, 116).Advertising Looking for critical writing on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is true that the US has adopted an isolation approach to respond to international matters? Nonetheless, the approach seems not to be helpful to the In telligence Community. It could be factual that the Pearl Harbor attack was significant in the development of intelligence system. However, it does insinuate that previous attacks were not destructive. Moreover, if the harbor attack had gross effects on Intelligence, then there is need to expound them in details. Historical records show that the US first entered into war with Iraq in 1991 to drive its militias out of Kuwait. The US had to collaborate with NATO allies to achieve the goal. This disqualifies the assumption that the country has embraced an isolation approach to international affairs (Federation of American Scientists 1996, par. 14). This post confirms that there has been little development in intelligence since the end of major world wars and civil crises. Meanwhile, Iraq invaded Kuwait later on and after the US intervention, â€Å"leaders within the Intelligence Community began streamlining their agencies and reorienting toward new missions with a greater focus on tran snational threats† (Federation of American Scientists 1996, par. 15). This means that the operation in Iraq was one of the remarkable events that immensely affected the US Intelligence Community. References Breakspear, Alan. 2013. â€Å"A New Definition of Intelligence.† Intelligence and National Security 28, no 5 (July), 678-693. Federation of American Scientists. 1996. â€Å"The Evolution of the U.S. Intelligence Community-An Historical Overview.† Last modified February 23, 1996. Accessed from https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/int022.html Johnson, Loch. 2005. â€Å"Framework for Strengthening US Intelligence, A.† Yale Journal of International Affairs. 7, no.1 (June): 116-123. Krizan, Lisa. 1999. Intelligence essentials for everyone. Washington DC: Books for Business.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on US Intelligence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This critical writing on US Intelligence was written and submitted by user Emelia H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

The Major Threats Caused By Depletion Of Resources essays

The Major Threats Caused By Depletion Of Resources essays Resources are the things that we can extract from the earth. Industries, which extract the earths resources, include mining, forestry and oil extraction. Present-day civilisation is based upon a massive utilisation of non-replaceable minerals and fuels such as coal, oil and natural gasses. Other materials such as cotton, wool timber and foodstuffs, if utilised sensibly can be replenished. The earths natural resources are there for us to use. We need water, food, air, energy, medicines, warmth, shelter and minerals. These keep us fed, comfortable, healthy and alive. If we use the resources carefully then they will last indefinitely. But if we use them wastefully and excessively, they will soon run out and everyone will suffer. Deforestation in the tropics is on the rise. Humans currently cut or burn down more than 100 acres a minute. Some forest is cleared to make way for farmland; the rest is cut for timber and to feed the demands of the paper industry. The rainforests are very important because they produce oxygen, they regulate the worlds climate, preserve different species and they yield a variety of different products. The rainforests are also cleared for farming, land, roads, railways, fuel production, (such as charcoal) and mineral extraction (such as gold and iron ore). There are many consequences connected with destruction of the rainforests. The main one being global warming. This is caused because less carbon dioxide is being consumed and the less oxygen being produced, more carbon dioxide will remain in the atmosphere thus contributing more greenhouse gas, which in turn will see a rise in the temperature of our planet. Once we have used all of the energy from fossil fuel extraction (oil, coal and gas) that the earth has, there will be no more for millions of years. Fossil fuels are not replenishable, therefore we should be more sensible in how we use this resource. ...

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Robby Gamble Essays (193 words) - Gerald Graff, Murray, Free Essays

Robby Gamble Essays (193 words) - Gerald Graff, Murray, Free Essays Robby Gamble Professor Kelly English 1102-024 February 8, 2017 Are Too Many People Going to College Rhetorical Precis Murray, Charles. "Are Too Many People Going to College?" "They Say / I Say": The MovesThat Matter in Academic Writing, with Readings, 3rd ed., edited by Gerald Graff, Cathy Birkenstein, and Russel Durst, W.W. Norton, 2017, pp. 234-253. Charles Murrays essay, "Are Too Many People Going to College"(2008), argues that not every person is made to attend college, but because of the norms of our society, many people feel that college is a cut and dried method of obtaining a career with substantial pay. Murray defends his argument through discussing education and its role in development and society, liberal education on a collegiate level, the traditional four year college, and the truths behind college and obtaining a four year degree. Murray wrote this article in order to shed light on some of the misconceptions many have about post-secondary education, and propose a change to the post-secondary educational system. Murray's intended audience consists of scholars, and those who are not sure that college is the correct path for them.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Corporate Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Corporate Finance - Essay Example These are part of the benefits of registering a business as a limited liability entity. In addition to the company being an individual entity from the owners, a limited liability company offers the owners of equity capital to practice risk aversion skills. Owners of equity are not the managers of their organizations. Instead, they delegate this function to other people who they believe are capable of perfectly handling these duties. This way, the owners of equity reduce the likely of a risk of loss happening. Some investors start a business in an industry which they have little knowledge of. However, by making use of experts in that industry, they significantly reduce their risk of loss. Hired managers undertake their duties with a lot of caution, avoiding causing losses to the organization. Separation of ownership and control is a virtual necessity for the successful financing of large corporations since it leads to high performance which subsequently attracts more investors and inc reases confidence among creditors. If an organization is managed by separate persons other than the owners, due care and diligence is accorded to the organization by the management. They exhibit high levels of accountability in delivering of their duties and services towards the organization. With the knowledge that they are held accountable for any in eventualities that may arise from misrepresentation, they show care in their activities. This leads to high performance standards, which attracts more investors and shareholders in to the organization. 2. The tendency of debt ratios varies tremendously across the individual firms. However, debt ratios tend to stabilize within individual firms over a long period of time supports the pecking order model. Pecking order states that as the cost of financing increases, so does asymmetric information. Every organization gets its financing from three sources, which include internal funds, debt and equity financing. Companies therefore have to prioritize their sources of financing. Initially, organizations put into consideration their internal sources of funds. If internal funds cannot adequately meet the organization’s obligations the management considers the use of debt (Baker & Martin, 2011). However, in case this too does not help, the company might consider raising equity as measure of ‘last resort.’ Therefore, internal financing is used first, when it fails the company considers the debt, and when this does not work out, the company raises equity. This theory holds that business will conform to a hierarchy of financing resources and prefer the use of internal financing when it is available. Debt on the other hand is preferred over raising equity in case of debt financing. The extent which a company goes to in financing its operations and the type of fund chosen, the management is sure that the company will in future be in a position to repay. Mostly, internal financing is inadequate. In deciding the most appropriate form of funding between equity and debt, the organization opts for debt financing. There are two types of debt financing available, that is the short term and the long term financing. It is due to the use of debt financing that debt ratios tremendously vary across firms but tend to be stable within individual firms over long periods of time as companies repay their debts. 3. To improve a company’s profitability or popularity, many companies are either involved in hostile takeovers, mergers or